http://www.adamsavenuedesign.com/ancient-greek/
SOLAR LIGHTS UP THE CENTURIES
The origins of solar energy can be traced as far back as the 7th century BC.
In ancient Egypt, heat from the sun was used to bake a mixture of straw and mud into bricks which were used for construction.Passive solar design - using architecture to get the most out of the sun's capacity to heat and light up spaces indoors - was first used by the ancient Romans and Greeks.
By orientating their buildings towards the south, they gained maximum benefit from the winter sun. Simultaneously, they were able to reduce their dependence on firewood which was often in short supply, making early use of renewable energy in preference to fossil fuels.The concept of solar design was taken further by the Romans who promulated a law against obscuring a neighbour's access to sunlight, and also using glass and mica to cover south-facing openings.
Much less passive was the use of solar energy by the Ancient Greeks, who used bronze shields to direct the sun's rays onto the wooden ships of the Roman army to set fire to them.By building their houses into the sides of rocky cliffs, some native American cultures were able to get the most out of the heat trapped by the rocks during the day.
The world's first solar collector is said to have been built in 1767 by the Swiss Horace de Saussure, but it was only in 1839 when Frenchman Edmond Becquerel first showed photovoltaic activity that the foundation for modern solar power research was set.The fact that exposing materials to light increased electric current was his major discovery.
The French continued experimentation with solar power, with mathematician Auguste Mouchout inventing the first active solar motor as well as a steam engine powered entirely by the sun.High production costs caused both inventions to fail.
Around the globe, scientists were experimenting with solar energy.In 1876, William Grylls Adams discovered that by exposing selenium to light, it produced electricity without any need for moving parts or heat.
Albert Einstein, better known for his Theory of Relativity, was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his theories on the photoelectric effect – involving the generation of electricity through solar cells.
In the 1950s, Bell Laboratories (now known as AT & T Laboratories) developed the first silicon solar cell which could generate a measurable electric current. It was the first cell capable of converting enough of the sun’s energy into power to run everyday electrical appliances.
The launch of the satellite, Vanguard 1 in the fifties marked the first practical application of photovoltaic solar cells.The first solar powered aircraft flew across the channel from France to England in 1981 under power from its sixteen thousand solar cells which gave off 3 000W of power.
The oil crisis of 1973 to 1974 accelerated solar power research as the Western economies realized the need to reduce their dependence on oil.In the 1970s, Dr Elliot Berman designed a less expensive solar cell, which enabled a large number of new uses to be considered, such as railroads, navigation warning lights and homes in remote areas.
Environmental issues, particularly climate change, have been at the heart of the drive to find viable renewable energy sources such as geothermal, wind, wave and solar power. And whilst technologies have improved vastly since ancient times, the basic premise of using solar energy as a renewable energy source has remained the same.
'Bailout plaster, not cure for bleeding Greek debt wound'
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